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Non-Naturalistic Realism

David Enoch

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The Default Position

2.aLanguage Behavior and Representation

Moral language behaves very much like other representational language. We assign moral statements truth values and engage in meaningful disagreements about moral facts.

This suggests that moral discourse attempts to capture a mind-independent moral reality that exists independently of our thinking about it.

2.bObjective Purport of Moral Discourse

Moral discourse exhibits objective purport by applying moral standards to others without first inquiring about their moral inclinations. We treat moral disagreement as serious disagreement where only one party can be right.

Unlike discussions of taste or preference, moral discourse involves offering what appear to be objective arguments and evidence supporting our positions.

2.cMoral Realism vs Anti-Realism

The realist position holds that moral facts exist independently of our beliefs about them, much like mathematical or scientific facts. Anti-realists deny this, arguing instead that moral judgments express attitudes, emotions, or social constructs.

This fundamental disagreement shapes how philosophers approach questions about moral knowledge, moral progress, and cross-cultural moral disagreement.
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